React quickly to the first sign of a stroke

There are two main types of strokes and each requires very different treatment, so doctors have to pinpoint the type as soon as possible. The first and most common type is an ischemic stroke, which is like a heart attack: a blood clot blocks one of the arteries supplying the brain, cutting the blood supply to brain cells that control functions such as speech or movement. The other type, known as a hemorrhagic stroke, occurs when an artery wall leaks, causing bleeding in the brain. In both cases, the patient's brain cells are unable to perform their usual control functions and could die, leading to permanent disability, unless intervention is swift.

• Changes to the connections between brain cells begin to occur within three minutes of the onset of stroke symptoms, according to animal research carried out by Canadian scientists.
• But, with prompt treatment to restore blood flow, 94 per cent of these connections can be repaired. That is why it is so crucial for a stroke victim to get to the hospital quickly.
• The sooner you are assessed and treated, the better your chances of a full recovery.
• Don't hesitate to call emergency services if you or anyone around you may be experiencing a heart attack or stroke.
• If you think that you or someone near you may be having a stroke, call 911. Ask for an ambulance and make it clear to the emergency operator that the person may have suffered from a stroke.
• More importantly, tell the paramedics when the ambulance arrives. They will then take you to the nearest hospital with a stroke unit, avoiding life-threatening delays.

• The effects of a stroke can be felt in almost any part of the body. Yet someone who has just suffered one will probably be extremely confused and not realize what is happening or be able to act quickly.
• It is often up to family, friends or caretakers to recognize a stroke and get help fast.

Symptoms of a stroke come on suddenly. Since people who are experiencing a stroke frequently rely on those around them to spot what's happening, the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada urges everyone to know the five warning signs of strokes:

1. Sudden weakness, numbness or paralysis on one side of the face, one arm or one leg, even if it's only temporary.
2. Sudden difficulty speaking or understanding, or general confusion, even if it's only temporary.
3. Sudden trouble seeing, even if it's only temporary.
4. Sudden severe headache.
5. Sudden dizziness or loss of balance.

If someone close to you experiences any of these symptoms, call 911 immediately.